Land use, livelihoods and rice variety in irrigated and rainfed ecosystems in the Philippines
2011
Cabrera, E.R., International Rice Research Inst., Los Baños, Laguna (Philippines). Social Sciences Div. | Mahabub Hossain, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212 (Bangladesh)
The Philippines benefited greatly from the Green Revolution in rice during the period 1966-82. The high growth in rice production enables the country to achieve self-sufficiency by 1978. However, a deceleration in growth since the mid-1980s eroded the earlier gains. The country experienced the worst rice crises in history in 1995 marked by skyrocketing rice prices despite a favorable domestic production in 1994. The country has been importing over 1 million metric tons of rice annually to meet the domestic demand since then. This study compared irrigated and rainfed ecosystems in terms of land use patterns, livelihood, and diversity of rice variety at the farm level and assessed how these explain differences in rice productivities. Multiple-stage random sampling was used to draw 20 rice-producing municipalities in the country, two villages per municipality, and 20 households per village to comprise a total of 800 household respondents. Results showed that socioeconomic characteristics of farm households are similar in the irrigated and rainfed systems, but, there are considerable differences in variety diversity, yield gains, and income from rice farming. The growth in rice yield has been slower in the rainfed than the irrigated thereby widening the yield gap between the two systems over time. On a national level, yield growth has been dependent on the provinces with predominantly irrigated ecosystem.
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