[The greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)-transmitted criniviruses] | Crinivirusi koje prenosi bela leptirasta vas (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)

Criniviruses are an emerging genus worldwide, with numerous new species having been identified within the past several years. Criniviruses often cause symptoms that are readily mistaken for physiological or nutritional disorders or pesticides phytotoxicity. These symptoms often include interveinal yellowing of leaves, an associated loss of photosynthetic capability, leaf brittleness, reduced plant vigor, yield reductions and early senescence, depending on the host plant affected. Symptoms are typically most apparent on middle to lower parts of plants, while new growth appears normal. Criniviruses remain confined to cells associated with host plant phloem, and symptoms are though to result from plugging of the phloem with large viral inclusion bodies, which probably interfere with normal vascular transport in infected plants. Criniviruses have large bipartite RNA. Virions are encapsidated into long flexuous rods. Four GHWF (greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum)- transmitted crinivirus species have been identified to date, including Beet pseudo yellow virus (BPYV), Strawberry pallidosis associated virus (SPaV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV). All four GHWF-transmitted criniviruses have exerted significant pressure on vegetable and fruit production in North America, Europe, and other parts of the world, affecting both greenhouse-grown crops as well as field crops. The GHWF transmitted criniviruses have host ranges of varying size, ranging from quite narrow in the case of SPaV, to extremely broad in the case of BPYV. Although all GHWF-transmitted criniviruses infect weed species and wild relatives of cultivated crops, their primary agricultural impact occurs on three major groups of crops. TICV and ToCV exert their main economic impact on tomato production in both greenhouse and field settings. SPaV is a problem in strawberry, and BPYV with its extensive host range infects numerous cucurbit species, as well as strawberry and blackberry.