Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of maize genotypes during selection for high quality protein in grain | Fenotipske i biohemijske karakteristike genotipova kukuruza u procesu selekcije na visok kvalitet proteina u zrnu
2011
Ignjatović-Micić, D., Institut za kukuruz Zemun Polje, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia) | Kostadinović, M., Institut za kukuruz Zemun Polje, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia) | Marković, K., Institut za kukuruz Zemun Polje, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia) | Žilić, S., Institut za kukuruz Zemun Polje, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia) | Mladenović-Drinić, S., Institut za kukuruz Zemun Polje, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia) | Stanković, G., Institut za kukuruz Zemun Polje, Beograd - Zemun (Serbia)
Maize nutritional value is very poor due to deficiency of two essential amino acids - tryptophan and lysine. It was shown than opaque2 (o2) mutations increased lysine by 69-100% and tryptophan by 66% in the endosperm. The incorporation of opaque2 into high yielding commercial cultivars failed, because of its numerous agronomic and processing problems, caused by endosperm softness. These drawbacks have been corrected in genetically improved, hard endosperm quality protein maize (QPM) - a genotype in which opaque2 has been incorporated along with associated modifiers. The breeding project at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje (Serbia), involves QPM x opaque2, opaque2 x QPM and standard lines x QPM crosses, with the aim to improve MRI opaque2 or convert standard lines into QPM germplasm. F5 i BC1F3 plants of these crosses were phenotyped, yield per plant was determined and endosperm modification assessment and kernel biochemical analysis (protein content, tryptophan content and quality index) were performed, with the aim to select plants for further selection process. Opaque2 x QPM progenies had the highest yield per plant - 314.3 g in BC1F3 and 230.2 g in F5. The tryptophan content and the quality index in the whole grain of QPM and opaque2 progenies were at the levels set for QPM germplasm in 72% analysed genotypes, as well as, in seven out of nine genotypes of standard lines x QPM crosses. All genotypes that had poorly modified kernels, the low tryptophan content and/or the low yield per plant will be discarded from further breeding.
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