Total and available yield of wheat plant residues | Ukupan i raspoloživ prinos biljnih ostataka pšenice
2011
Golub, M., Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Novi Sad (Serbia) | Đatkov, Đ., Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Novi Sad (Serbia) | Bojić, S., Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Novi Sad (Serbia) | Martinov, M., Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Novi Sad (Serbia)
Removal of crop residues after grain harvest reduces organic matter which would be return to the soil, with consequences on soil characteristics and fertility. Assessment of the impact of crop residues removal, especially long term, is multidisciplinary and complex objective and needs team research. It was concluded that share of aerial wheat residues removed by straw harvesting was not thoroughly measured, and objective was setup to measure it. The samples of eight wheat varieties were taken during the harvest in 2011, from five sites. The samples were divided into following parts: grain, straw, chaff and leaves. Mass and moisture content were measured. The harvest index and yield of residual material groups related to grain were calculated. The straw stalks were cut into segments, first five, from ground, length of 75 mm, and fifth was stalk above 300 mm. Based on it, the curves representing cumulative mass of stalks to certain height were derived. Average harvest index, for all samples, was 0.48, relative yield of crop residues 111 % and straw 81 %, related to grain. Based on average curve of stalks cumulative mass was shown that, for cutting height 15 cm, 26 % of straw remain on stubble. Calculating additional loss about 10 % of pickup devices of balers, harvested mass is about 66 % of total straw yield, or about 54 % of grain yield, in average. The amount of harvested straw makes about 48 % of total wheat crop residues. This data can be used for assessment of realistic crop residues amount removed by commonly applied straw harvest. The same measurements should be repeated also during next two to three harvests, while the different agro climatic conditions are expected to influence results. Realistic straw baling losses are also to be thoroughly investigated.
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