Actual knowledge from ecological fruitraising of apple trees | Súčasné poznatky z ekologického pestovania jabloní
2009
Eftimová, J., Galafruit, s.r.o., Malá Tŕňa (Slovak Republic)
In recent years the ecological fruit production is increasing in Slovakia, which exploits ecological acceptable technological procedures with minimal destruction of environment. The company Galafruit and CO, s.r.o. Malá Tŕňa in 1999 planted out 84 hectars of Apple plantation, which is integrated in ecological agriculture system. During years 2003-2007 we have monitored the diseases and vermins sensitivity of named kinds: Melodie, Selena, Rubinola, Topaz, Julia, Prima, Rosana, Angold by ecological maintenance. Kind Angold and Julia, which are declared as tolerant against apple tree scabbing (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter), has come under influence of environmental change to loss of this attribute. All kinds became very sensitive to this disease. In year 2007 appeared very dangerous vermin bloody wavensity (Eriosoma lanigerum), which is indicator of unselective usage of insecticides. This is a paradox because in plantation are not used others than certified insecticides. In addition were attacked the kinds of Rosana, Selena a Julia. During experimental years weve also monitored the influence of agrotechnincs on change in kind content of weeds. We've found that under influence of more years mechanical cultivation in a row came to selection of hard liquidated weeds tuberous thistle (Cirsium arvense L.), couch grass (Elytrigia repens L.) and stinking nettle (Urtica dioica L). From reached consequences result, that ecological production of apple trees as a permanent monoculture is woundable. Therefore we recommend to pian smaller areas of ecological planting with resistant varieties against apple tree scabbing (Venturia inaequalis). We suggest change up the outplanting in system of integrated production, where we can manage good health condition of apple trees, destroy weeds and reach stable quality.
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