Effectiveness of selection of rye genotypes with dominant gene of short stem in breeding of tetraploid rye | Эффективность отбора доминантнокороткостебельных генотипов в процессе селекции тетраплоидной ржи

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus two species of winter tetraploid rye (Secale cereale) (with dominant gene of short stem and with recessive gene of short stem) are compared and analyzed in the research. Specie with dominant gene of short stem is admitted to be more yielding. Therefore selection of tetraploid rye with dominant gene of short stem appears more effective than another one. The scheme of the choosing of Hl4 genotype in population of rye with dominant gene of short stem is presented. Balance of gametes of tetraploid rye with different types of segregation is shown. Evaluation of genotype of elite plants according the number of long stem plants in offspring is made. Crop yield of different samples of tetraploid rye is estimated. Comparative characteristics of initial samples of rye and samples, developed upon them, are presented. Proposed method of selection of rye genotypes with dominant gene of short stem is adaptation of the method of 'reserves' for tetraploid rye with the difference that includes testing of elite plants' progenies in two generations. The method is effective for creation of homogenous-in-plant-height populations of tetraploid rye with dominant gene Hl of short stem. At the same time it allows to improve economic value of populations. Due to the practical use of the method it's found that the trait of short stem controlled by dominant gene Hl has chromatid type of segregation in generations as well as the type corresponding maximal crossingover. The impossibility of selection of Hl gene homozygotes under morphological characters of plants is confirmed. The influence of Hl gene doze in genotype on its' progeny productivity isn't detected. Variety Zazerskaya 3 is bred with the use of this method. This variety has been included into the Belarusian List of varieties in 2012.