Analysis of yield gap and limiting factors for wheat on the farmland | 基于田块尺度的小麦产量差及生产限制因素解析

Chinese. 为了解析产量差的产生机制和冬小麦生产的限制因子,提出科学的缩减产量差的途径,本研究通过农户调查的方法对吴桥县不同田块的产量差进行了研究。分析表明：不同田块之间的产量差异明显,高产田块和低产田块之间的产量差距达3 375kg/hm2,与平均产量的差距为1 754kg/hm2,中低产田块具有较大的产量提升空间。通过对调查因素的分析,阐述了田块尺度产量差限制因素的影响作用,土壤肥力、肥料投入、土壤耕作、灌溉和病虫害防治等可控因素是田块产量差的重要限制因素。在冬小麦的生产投入构成中,肥料投入所占比例最大,并且不同收益的农户之间肥料投入呈现出明显的差异,而机械、农药、种子和灌溉等方面的投入差异不大。在投入达到一定水平后,随着投入继续增大,报酬递减,农户的投入与产出间的关系为：当冬小麦投入水平为4 102.5元/hm2,产投比达到最大值4.02。平衡施肥、提高肥料的利用效率是实现少投入高收益的根本途径,提高栽培耕作技术的到位率是缩减田块尺度产量差的重要途径。

English. In order to analyze the cause of yield gap and the yield gap limiting factors of winter wheat,and then to explore scientific measures to narrow the yield gap,this research studied the yield gap of wheat between different farmlands by household survey and participatory evaluation.The results showed that the yield difference between different farmlands was obvious,the gap between high yield farmland and low yield farmland was 3 375 kg/hm2,and the gap between high yield farmland and average yield farmland was 1 754 kg/hm2,and it is clear that there’s large room for the low and medium yield farmlands to improve yield.The impact of yield gap limiting factors was described by analyzing the factors surveyed.Soil fertility,fertilizer input,tillage,irrigation,pest and disease control were the major limiting factors for the yield gap between different farmlands.As far as the composition of production input of winter wheat was concered,fertilizer inputs accounted for the largest proportion,and fertilizer inputs between different incomes showed a significant difference,but the mechanical,pesticides,seeds and irrigation have little difference.Once the input exceeded a threshold,the profit would show diminishing returns to input.For example the biggest benefit cost ratio was 4.02 when the input was 4 102.5 yuan/hm2.Strengthening the balanced fertilization and improving the use of cultivation were the important way to narrow the yield gap at farmland scale.