Livestock income, male/female animals, and inequality in rural Pakistan
1996
R.H. Adams
This paper uses income decomposition techniques to demonstrate the importance of livestock income in improving rural income distribution. It is based on three-year household panel data (1986 to 1989) from rural Pakistan.The paper finds thaat:livestock income is inequality-decreasing and that it makes the smallest contribution to overall inequalitylivestock income from male animals has a negative impact on equitylivestock income from one female animal (local cow) has a positive effectThe article recommends that:additional increments of livestock or nonfarm income will reduce overall income inequalityin Pakistan, government officials who are interested in improving rural equity should focus less on land and more on livestockthe shortage of land and problems associated with land redistribution suggests that a national program in Pakistan to give poor farmers quality cows, or to upgrade the cattle they already own through artificial insemination, would present far fewer social and political difficulties than land reforma national program in Pakistan needs to focus on raising the milk output of the local cow. Means of achieving this include cross-breeding, increasing feed intakes, developing new varieties of forage crops suitable for different locations and encouraging improved veterinarian services
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