Yellowing disease outbreaks in tomato in Indonesia associated with infection of tomato chlorosis virus and tomato infectious chlorosis
2011
Suastika, G., Bogor Agricultural Univ., Bogor (Indonesia). Faculty of Agriculture | Hartono, S., Gajah Mada Univ. (Indonesia). Faculty of Agriculture | Nishigawa, H. | Natsuaki, T., Utsonomiya Univ. (Japan)
Since 2004, outbreaks of yellowing disease in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops have occurred in several regions of Indonesia, especially in upland of Garut and Cipanas (West Java), Magelang (Central Java), Bedugul (Bali) and Sembalun (Lombok). The disease was characterized by interveinal yellowing that developed initially on lower leaves and then progressed to the upper part of the plant. Interveinal yellow areas on leaves develop red or brown necrotic flecks. No obvious symptoms are produced on fruit but significant yield reduction occurs. The yellowing disease symptoms resembled to those described in USA, Spain and other countries for the infections caused by Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). Symptomatic tomato plants, collected during 2008 and 2009 in Garut, were positive in RT-PCR assays using ToCV and TICV specific primers. Computer-assisted sequence analyses of CP genes of the virus isolates showed about 98 to 99% homologies with those of ToCV and TICV sequences in the Gen Bank database. Whitefly-transmission experiments from symptomatic tomato samples showed TICV isolate was transmitted only by the greenhouse whitefly (Trial eurodes vaporariorum), whereas ToCV isolate was transmitted not only by the greenhouse whitefly but also by the banded-wing whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).
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