Process simulation of ammonia synthesis for increasing heat recovery in a thermal storage plant: A review
2011
Siddiq, S. (University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila (Pakistan)) | Khushnood, S. (University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila (Pakistan)) | Koreshi, Z.U. (Air University, Islamabad (Pakistan)) | Shah, M.T. (Air University, Islamabad (Pakistan))
Thermal storage of solar energy can be achieved in solids and liquids, during solar insolence, for subsequent recovery to enable 24-hour base-load plant operation similar to conventional fossil-fueled and nuclear power plants. Liquid ammonia, due to its global availability and chemical suitability, has been considered for thermal energy storage in plants of the order of 10 MW(e). The energy is stored in chemical bonds of constituent gases arising from the endothermic dissociation of ammonia, and subsequently recovered in the well-known exothermic synthesis Huber-Bosch reaction. The efficiency of such a solar plant depends on the process variables temperature, pressure and flow-rate; which can be modeled with the thermo-fluid conservation equations incorporating the underlying thermodynamics and chemical reaction kinetics. This paper reviews the models, and the computational schemes, that have been used to simulate the industrial ammonia synthesis process. We have also reviewed the accuracy of the simulations reported in the literature.
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