Adaptación del trigo duro (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) a distintas condiciones fototérmicas
2012
Alfaro Jara, C.
Wheat phenology is critical for its adaptation to growing environments. The patterns of phenological adaptation of durum wheat and their relationship with the underlying genetics were studied in a collection of lines differing on photoperiod sensitivity based on different allelic composition for Ppd-A1 and Ppd-B1 genes. External phenological development, grain yield and some yield components were determined on field experiments conducted in Spain and Mexico at four latitudes (from 41°38'N to 19°31'N) during 2007 and 2008. Additional trials were conducted at two Spanish latitudes in 2012, in which internal and external phenological development until anthesis were monitored, and aboveground biomass and fertile flowering quantified. The results pointed out that the latitude effect on the length of the period between sowing and anthesis was mostly due to differences in temperature. Alleles on Ppd-A1 and Ppd-B1 explained a large part of the genetic variability for cycle duration until anthesis, with a greater effect of Ppd-A1a than Ppd-B1a. The genotypes carrying "GS-100" allele in Ppd-A1 were the earliest, while those with the sensitive allele (Ppd-A1b) were the latest. The presence of the allele GS-105 at Ppd-A1 resulted on intermediate durations. Further experiments revealed that photoperiod sensitivity alleles affected apical development from sowing to double-ridge stage, and from double-ridge to terminal spikelet. The effect of the allelic composition at Ppd-A1 and Ppd-B1 on yield and yield components was independent of the latitude. A better understanding of photoperiod sensitivity genes and their implications on durum wheat adaptation is a great opportunity for contributing to fulfill the needs for sustainable food production in an increased demand world
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