Biological effects of special bio-organic fertilizer on yam | 山药专用生物有机肥的生物效应研究

Chinese. 通过平板对峙试验,筛选到2株对茄腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)有拮抗作用的菌株哈兹木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)SQR-T037和解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)QL-18。将这2株拮抗菌共同与腐熟有机肥二次发酵后,得到山药专用生物有机肥(BOF),并用于大田试验。结果表明:BOF可以显著降低山药根茎腐病的发病率,其中处理T3(施用BOF基肥600 kg・hm-2和BOF追肥900 kg・hm-2)防控效果最佳,防控率达68.4%。施用BOF对山药生长有明显的促进作用。山药收获期时,处理T3效果最好,块茎鲜质量每株为3.54 kg,块茎长为159.0 cm,块茎直径为5.30 cm,与对照相比分别增加37.8%、20.7%、38.4%;山药产量为114.7 t・hm-2,比对照高28.8%(P0.05)。结论:施用BOF可提高山药种植土壤中细菌和放线菌数量,减少真菌和病原菌的数量,起到改善土壤微生物群落结构的作用,从而能有效防控山药根茎腐病和增加山药产量。

English. Two strains Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QL-18,obtained from the Key Lab and Engineering Center for Organic Solid Waste Utilization showed high antifungal activity against Fusarium solani on the confrontation plate.Organic fertilizer was inoculated with the strains SQR-T037 and QL-18 for a second solid fermentation to produce bio-organic fertilizer(BOF),which was applied to soil to further investigate the effects controlling root-stem rot of yam through field experiments.Application of the bio-organic fertilizer could significantly reduce yam root/stem rot incidence.The biocontrol efficiency of T3 treatment,where BOF base fertilizer 600 kg・hm-2 and dressing 900 kg・hm-2 were practiced,was 68.4%,and this was the most successful treatment.Application of the yam special bio-organic fertilizer also had an apparent stimulative effect on the yam plant growth.The tuber fresh weight,length and diameter of yam in T3 treatment were 3.54 kg per plant,159.0 cm and 5.30 cm respectively,and increased by 37.8%,20.7% and 38.4% respectively when compared with CK.The yield of yam was 114.7 t・hm-2 that increased by 28.8% compared with CK.Application of special bio-organic fertilizer could improve soil microbial community structure by increasing the number of bacteria and actinomyces but reducing the amount of fungi and pathogen,which made a great contribution to the controlling of rot disease and to the increased yam yield.