The impact of different growing years on selected sugar beet growth and yield parameters
2013
Hunkova, E., Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra (Slovak Republic) | Krivosudska, E., Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra (Slovak Republic) | Zivcak, M., Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra (Slovak Republic)
The field multifactorial experiment with Renata and Kristall sugar beet genotypes was based on agricultural farm Moèenok in four replicates by chess-board method in 1998 and 1999 (maize growing region, warm and dry climatic region with mild winter, chernozem, medium soil, pH 7.2). The experimental area was 480 square m in both years, 1998 and 1999. Fertilization treatments: treatment A (control) = 0 kg/ha N + 0 kg/ha P + 0 kg/ha K; treatment B = 40 kg/ha N + 35 kg/ha P + 250 kg/ha K; treatment C = 80 kg/ha N + 35 kg/ha P + 250 kg/ha K; treatment D = 120 kg/ha N + 35 kg/ha P + 250 kg/ha K. Farmyard manure (40 t/ha) was applied under forecrop (winter wheat), with minimisation soil treatment (middle soil tillage left out). The growth parameters were calculated as follows: LAI = A/P (square m/square m); NAR = (W2_W1)/(t2_t1) . (1/A) (g/square m/day); CGR = (W2_W1)/(t2_t1) . (1/P) (g/square m/day); where: LAI = leaf area index, NAR = net assimilation rate, CGR = crop growth rate, A = leaf area (square m), P = soil area (square m), W1 = leaf dry weight, sugar beet root dry weight at the beginning of the observation interval / on the end of the observation interval W2 (g), t1 = time at the beginning of the observation interval / at the end of the observation interval t2 (day). Biological yield (BU) was determined on the basis of sugar beet roots dry weight and above ground biomass at the time of sugar beet harvesting. Leaf area index (LAI) was detected by planimetric method in 6 repetitions. The material on growth analysis was sampled in terms: 21.5., 30.7., 8.9., 5.10. in 1998 and 28.5., 26.7., 30.8., 24.9. in 1999. The measured values were evaluated in Statgraphic program. Growing years which were meteorologically very different made it possible to identify the growth parameters differences of researched genotypes in strong interaction with the course of weather. Growing year 1999 with precipitation far above the average in vegetation period affected the researched sugar beet genotypes more negatively (as related to final biological dry mass yield and root dry mass yield especially) than growing year 1998 with rainfall deficit. We conclude that growth parameters evaluation is irreplaceable in detecting causality both in genotypically and environmentally caused differences in qualitative and quantitative yield markers.
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