Composition and eco-biological characteristics of parasitoids of soybean major pests at Gialam, Hanoi [Vietnam]
2011
Luu Thi Hien Phuong | Dang Thi Dung, Hanoi Agricultural Univ., Hanoi (Vietnam) | Khuat Dang Long, Ecological, Bio-Resource Inst., Hanoi (Vietnam)
Soybean is infested by many insect pests, such as stem miner, leaffolder, armyworm, ballworm, stink bug but there are also many kinds of insect natural enemies. Each creature, has at least 2 natural enemies (Paul DeBack,1964). Since chemical insecticides have many disadvantages like loss in natural enemies and bio-balance, as well as environmental pollution, research on insect parasitoids diversity and their biological characteristics to protect agricultural production as well as our environment is very important. In the soybean producing areas in Gialam, Hanoi [Vietnam] 14 insect parasitoid species were identified in summer-autumn 2009. The predominant species were Microplitis manilae Ashmead, Trathala flavo-orbitalis Cameron and Telenomus subitus Le. The life cycle of the pupal endoparasitoid, Xanthopimpla punctata F, is about 11.9 plus or minus 0.76 days, under an average temperature of 27.9 deg C plus or minus 2.4 and average humidity of 72.5 plus or minus 4.6%. The adult longevity depends on food quality, those fed with pure honey live longer than those fed with honey solution 50%, 8.5 and 5.6 days, respectively; while those fed with pure water live only 2.6 days. Female X. punctata prefer laying egg in one day old host pupae and do not lay eggs in 4 day old host pupa. The functional response of the female was represented. When the host density is high, females parasitized more hosts.
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