Waste frying vegetable oil as a source of biodiesel
2011
Ali, H.A. (Punjab Univ., Lahore (Pakistan). Inst. of Chemical Engineering and Technology) | Chughtai, A. (Punjab Univ., Lahore (Pakistan). Inst. of Chemical Engineering and Technology) | Sattar, A. (Punjab Univ., Lahore (Pakistan). Inst. of Chemical Engineering and Technology) | Bodla, A.R. (National Refinery Limited, Karachi (Pakistan)) | Butt, M.A.
Waste frying oil was purified by screening and treatment with fuller's earth and activated carbon. The resulting oil was found to have density 0.913 g/cm3, refractive index 1.4722, kinematic viscosity 41.2 mm2/sec, saponification value 189.7 mg/g, acid value 8.98 mg/g, iodine value 50.8g I/100g oil and peroxide value 29.7 mEq/kg. The bio-diesel was synthesized from the bleached oil under acidic, basic and two step acid-base catalysis using methyl alcohol for transesterification process. The average yield from basic catalysts was 90%, from acidic catalyst 93% and in two step acid base catalysis it was 95.8%. The crude bio-diesel was distilled under vacuum to obtain pure methyl fatty esters (bio-diesel). The fuel characteristics of bio-diesel produced and also that of petrodiesel for comparison were determined according to ASTM D6751-07 and found to have density (0.884, 0.841 g/cm3), refractive index (1.4673, 1.4831), kinematic viscosity (5.43, 3.86 mm2/sec), flash point (124 degree, 84 degree C), calorific value (19466, 22873 cal/g), cloud point (4 degree,- 2.2 degree C) and pour point (-3.5 degree, -11.5 degree C) respectively. Blend of biodiesel in petrodiesel were prepared and their fuel properties were also found out. A gradual shift of different values from biodiesel to petrodiesel was observed as the percentage of petrodiesel in biodiesel was increased form 20 to 80%
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