Trade Policy Instruments over Time

Bown, Chad P.

Trade Policy Instruments over Time

2014

Bown, Chad P.

This paper surveys political-economic research on the variety of instruments that governments use to conduct international trade policy. It presents key insights on the relationships between instruments such as tariffs, quotas, voluntary export restraints, and other nontariff barriers, as well as the ebb and flow of the national use of temporary trade barriers such as antidumping, countervailing duties, and safeguards. The survey examines trends in use of these trade policy instruments over recent history; and it reviews the major theoretical and empirical explanations behind, and interrelationships between, their uses. Finally, the paper highlights potential institutional impacts of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and subsequent World Trade Organization (WTO) on choice of policy instruments, as well as how multilateral, unilateral, and preferential tariff liberalization may introduce political-economic shocks and affect incentives over time for how governments rely on different instruments.

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AGROVOC Keywords

agricultural products agriculture balance of payments business cycles consumers customs unions deflation developing countries dispute settlement domestic consumption economic implications environmental standards equilibrium european union exchange rate exports foreign trade free trade free trade agreements import quotas intellectual property rights international bank international law international trade legal system lobbying preferential tariffs terms of trade trade agreements trade barriers trade disputes trade policies trade preferences ver world trade organization wto

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Publisher

World Bank, Washington, DC

Other Subjects

Import quota; Market failures; Preferential trade; Future research; Trade volumes; Trade alert; International community; Trade volume; General agreement on tariffs; Economic distortions; International commerce; Generalized system of preferences; World price; Full employment; Import tariffs; Trade objectives; Reciprocity; Quantitative restrictions; Suspension agreements; Policy research; Import prices; Non-tariff barriers; Optimal tariff; Tariff reform; Trading partners; International rules; Adverse impact; Customs authorities; Protectionism; Import policy; Trade effects; System of preferences; Tariff data; Trade adjustment assistance; Competitive market; Tariff rate; Political economy; Domestic competitors; Economic research; Countervailing duties; Domestic industries; Trade regime; Price of imports; Trade policy; Dispute settlement system; Exchange rates; Domestic producers; Tariff formation; Tariff commitments; Multilateral negotiations; Exporters; International trading; Alternative instruments; Multilateral trade liberalization; Regional trade; Trade retaliation; Trade agreement; Tariff levels; Multilateral system; Appellate body decisions; Trade diversion; International trade policy; Customs; World trading system; Import tariff; Political-economy models; Unilateral liberalization; Optimal tariffs; Free trade areas; Multilateral tariffs; Voluntary export restraints; Transport costs; Member countries; Apparel; Exporting country; Price levels; Ad valorem; Export supply; Tariff rates; Development policy; Campaign contributions; Differential treatment; Import price; Tariff protection; Import restrictions; Apparel products; Protection can; Customs union; Barriers to trade; Preferential tariff; Trade policy instruments; Agreement on safeguards; Import restriction; Trading partner; Economic efficiency; Volume of trade; Trade restriction; Home country; Preferential trading arrangements; International trade law; Concessions; Import volumes; Import licenses; Real income; Tariff preferences; Trade flows; Antidumping database; Member governments; Foreign sales; Contracting parties; Monetary policy; Tariff barriers; Appellate body; Trade developments; Market clearing; Externality; Foreign country; Global trade; Intermediate inputs; Value of trade; Intellectual property; World prices; International organization; Dispute settlement procedures; Market issues; Foreign sources; Political-economy model; Macroeconomic shocks; Preferential trade liberalization; Tariff schedule; Free trade agreement; Tariff reductions; Preferential trade agreements; Managed trade; Multilateral liberalization; World trade; Trade barrier; Tariff binding; Domestic distortions; Trade remedies; Protection for sale; Uruguay round; Regionalism; Unilateral reduction; Trade adjustment; International trading system; Foreign direct investment; Regional trade agreements; Applied tariff; Trade negotiators; International economics; Organizational structure; Multilateral trade; Antidumping; Trade institutions; Industrial economy; Import protection; Rules on subsidies; Technical barriers; Import tax; Exchange rate regime; International trade agreements; Input trade

License

Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6757http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/World BankCC BY 3.0 IGO

Source

Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6757

In AGRIS since: 2014-09-15

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http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16822

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Trade Policy Instruments over Time

2014

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