Looking Beyond Averages in the   Trade and Poverty Debate

Ravallion, Martin

Looking Beyond Averages in the Trade and Poverty Debate

2004

Ravallion, Martin

There has been much debate about how much poor people in developing countries gain from trade openness, as one aspect of "globalization." The author views the issue through both "macro" and "micro" empirical lenses. The macro lens uses cross-country comparisons and aggregate time series data. The micro lens uses household-level data combined with structural modeling of the impacts of specific trade reforms. The author presents case studies for China and Morocco. Both the macro and micro approaches cast doubt on some wide generalizations from both sides of the globalization debate. Additionally the micro lens indicates considerable heterogeneity in the welfare impacts of trade openness, with both gainers and losers among the poor. The author identifies a number of covariates of the individual gains. The results point to the importance of combining trade reforms with well-designed social protection policies.

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AGROVOC Keywords

agriculture consumers economic geography economic growth equilibrium exchange rate exports extreme poverty families farm income growth rate health care imports income income distribution inflation innovation learning living standards migration poverty reduction productivity rural poverty targeting taxation trade liberalization trade policies valuation wages wholesale prices workers world trade organization wto

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Publisher

World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Other Subjects

Poverty lines; Future research; Adverse impacts; Wage rates; Producers; Squared poverty gap index; Oil; Gdp; Adverse effects; Income levels; Macroeconomic stability; Cpi; General equilibrium analysis; Inflation rate; General equilibrium model; Time series; Poverty gap index; Poverty measures; Production inputs; Agricultural output; Economic assumptions; Quotas; Absolute poverty; Poor; Social impacts; Private consumption; Price changes; Real income; Income inequality; Policy changes; Targeting mechanisms; Tariff barriers; Production function; Gdp per capita; Poverty line; Welfare effects; Purchasing power; Welfare gains; Involuntary unemployment; Consumption behavior; Incidence of poverty; Poverty impacts; Equilibrium analyses; Trade reforms; Additive effects; Utility function

License

Policy Research Working Paper;No.3461http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/World BankCC BY 3.0 Unported

Source

Policy Research Working Paper;No.3461

In AGRIS since: 2014-09-15

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http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14202

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Looking Beyond Averages in the Trade and Poverty Debate

2004

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Bibliographic information