Advancing Cervical Cancer Prevention in India : Insights from Research and Programs

Krishnan, Suneeta; Madson, Emily; Porterfield, Deborah; Varghese, Beena

Advancing Cervical Cancer Prevention in India : Insights from Research and Programs

2013

Krishnan, Suneeta | Madson, Emily | Porterfield, Deborah | Varghese, Beena

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in India, accounting for 17 percent of all cancer deaths among women age 30 to 69 years. At current incidence rates, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the annual burden of new cases in India will increase to nearly 225,000 by 2025. Despite the considerable burden of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in India, there are few large-scale, organized cervical cancer prevention programs in the country. We reviewed the research literature and conducted interviews with individuals engaged in research and public health program implementation to identify important elements of cervical cancer prevention efforts in India and implementation issues that merit further investigation. Although primary prevention through HPV vaccination has been endorsed by WHO, under certain conditions, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), its cost, partial efficacy and safety have been intensely debated in India. Further research and advocacy efforts are needed to determine the optimal strategies for its introduction and sustained use in the country. However, there is considerable research and programmatic evidence in support of secondary prevention of cervical cancer through screening and treatment. Regardless of screening approach, research and prevention programs have underscored the importance of ensuring strong linkages between screening, diagnosis, and treatment services for program and cost effectiveness. Available evidence also emphasizes that programs that are 'women-centered,' or actively respond to women's concerns and constraints are likely to be the most successful. In conclusion, research and prevention program experiences provide a strong rationale for investments in cervical cancer prevention in India.

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AGROVOC Keywords

adolescence allergic reactions biopsy chronic diseases cytology deoxyribonucleic acid developing countries diabetes diagnosis disease prevalence disease prevention dna doctors drugs epidemiology families females fertility government departments health care health services hiv hospital human resources hypertension immune system immunization infection inflammation information systems insurance medicine medicines migration morbidity mortality noncommunicable diseases nutrition pathology patient patients physicians pilot projects puberty public health quality assurance reproductive health resource allocation rural areas sanitation screening sexually transmitted diseases social norms symptoms transportation vaccination vaccines virus workers world health organization

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Publisher

World Bank, Washington, DC

Other Subjects

Caregivers; Intervention; Sexual health; Midwife; Primary health care; Cervical cancers; Primary care; Illnesses; Prevalence; Population discussion; Sexual activity; Pap smear; Genital warts; Health promotion; Progress; Injury; Specialist; Blind; Early detection; Medical officers; Morbidity and mortality; Access to health services; Premature death; Surgery; Illness; Resource constraints; Treatment services; Nurse; Informed consent; Ability to pay; Adulthood; Expenditures; Health care workers; Cryotherapy; Government health workers; Midwives; Reproductive age; Medical expenses; Advocacy efforts; Communicable disease; Ministry of health; Medical care; Health information systems; Number of women; Cervical cancer screening; Health activists; Prognosis; Health specialist; Health research; Community health; State governments; Young women; Women's health; Husbands; Treatment; Informed decisions; Counselors; Health care access; Lifetime risk; Reagents; Survival rate; Prevention strategies; Young age; Adolescent health; Reproductive tract infections; Cervical cancer; Medical ethics; Quality of care; Educational activities; Health centers; Health care infrastructure; Health care services; Public health officials; Household responsibilities; Government programs; Global health; Family support; Human development; Randomized controlled trials; Access to treatment; National aids; Minority; Health care providers; Adolescent girls; Inpatient care; Information system; Lack of awareness; Research efforts; Woman; Health care system; Abnormalities; Vaccination programs; Health care provider; Interpersonal communication; Older women; Inclusion of women; Disability; Clinics; Sexually active; Cardiovascular disease; Public health services; Cancer prevention and control; Aids research; Service provision; Vaccine safety; Number of deaths; Cost effectiveness; Quality improvement; Female; Family members; Service delivery; Vaccine delivery; Health systems; Contraception; Health system; Insurance schemes; National government; Early marriage; High fertility; Dying; Nurses; Chronic conditions; Health facilities; Community education; Ncd; Syringes; Reproductive tract; Access to care; Counseling; Health expenditure; Vaccine; Young men; Productive years; Vaccination program; Health policy; Health information; Gross national income; Prevention efforts; Mortality rate; Tertiary levels; Political support; Clinical outcomes; Medical research; Health information system; Equitable access

License

Health, Nutrition, and Population (HNP) discussion paper;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/CC BY 3.0 IGO

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Health, Nutrition, and Population (HNP) discussion paper;

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Advancing Cervical Cancer Prevention in India : Insights from Research and Programs

2013

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