Diagnosis of Anterior cruciate ligament rupture of the canine stifle
2014
Zorgevica-Pockevica, L., Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences, Kaunas (Lithuania). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Pockevicius, A., Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences, Kaunas (Lithuania). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Juodzente, D., Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences, Kaunas (Lithuania). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Noreikis, B., Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences, Kaunas (Lithuania). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Anterior cruciate ligament disease of the canine stifle is a partial or total rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), or avulsion, where there is a loss of function of the ligament due to a bone fracture at the ACL point of insertion. Consequences include instability of the stifle joint, inflammation, the patient exhibits lameness, feels pain and discomfort especially after physical load-bearing. This pathology is usually diagnosed in older aged dogs. The lameness of dogs diagnosed with anterior cruciate ligament rupture was evaluated via a point grading scale from 0 to 4. Instabilities of the stifle joint were evaluated using the Cranial Drawer and Tibial Compression tests. Radiological evaluations included mediolateral (ML) and craniocaudal projections. Osteoarthritic symptoms were evaluated using ML projections according to the Brünnberg classification index from 0 to 3. Effusion of the joint capsules were rated using a 0 to 3 point scale. A macroscopic arthrotomy evaluated the condition of the joint capsule; signs of osteoarthritis – osteophytes (0–none, 1–few, 2–many) as well as the condition of the meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament. During the arthrotomy, samples were obtained from the joint capsule’s sub-patellar bursa for histopathological evaluation which were fixed in buffered 10% formalin solution, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
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