Panicle and grain diversity of selected Philippine traditional rice cultivars
2014
Calayugan, M.I.C. | Ferrer, M.C. | Perez, L.M.
The size and structure of panicles and grains are important factors that contribute to both yield and quality of rice. Genetic diversity in the available gene pool is the foundation of all rice improvement programs. To assess the phenotypic diversity in panicle and grain traits, 260 traditional rice cultivars from 38 provinces of the Philippines were evaluated. Eleven quantitative and 16 qualitative traits were used following the standard rice descriptors in 2013 dry season. Diversity of each trait was based on Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H1). Lemma and palea color of the cultivars varies from white to dark-purple or black. MALAGKIT TAPOL (Coll no. 12336) and Karuykoy (PRR1001770) showed round grains while ANIMIK (Coll no. 12344) exhibited long spindle grains. Ten cultivars have panicle length of 34-37 cm with IMBANGON (PRR1001030) being the longest. Most of the cultivars have sparse to dense secondary branching of panicles while PILING-PILING (Coll no. 12663) and KINANDANG PULA (PRR 1002869) showed clustering. Percent spikelet fertility and 100 grain weight ranged from 68.4 to 97.2% and 1.2 to 4.1 g, respectively. High diversity indices were observed in the cultivars for 7 out of 16 qualitative traits. Diversity index of all quantitative traits ranges from 0.68-0.88 while the combined analysis of qualitative and quantitative traits was 0.75, indicating a high level of diversity among the cultivars evaluated. The results obtained in the present study have a great significance to the future breeding programs involving panicle and grain size, shape and structure.
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