Clonal micropropagation in the system of production of healthier planting material of pear clonal stocks | Клональное микроразмножение в системе производства оздоровленного посадочного материала клоновых подвоев груши

Russian. Presented are the results of researches carried out in 2008-2012, on the reaction of genotypes of soybean variety samples 686, 452, 477, 472 of Far East State Agrarian University breeding to the external environmental conditions and its stability in the southern agricultural zone of the Amur region. In order to predict the behavior of varieties under production conditions the parameters of adaptive properties of soybean varieties for yield by the method of Eberhart E.A. and Russell W.A. were evaluated. Sowing nurseries for prior competitive test was performed according to the methods of state crops testing by random repetitions in four replications. Plot area was 50 sq. m. Tested varieties were compared to standards Lydia (early maturing) and Harmony (middle maturing). Environmental index in 2008, 2010 and 2012 was 0.46, 0.40 and 0.13 correspondingly that characterized years as favorable for soybean genotype growth and development, in 2009 and 2011 it was -0.74 and -0.23 that denoted the unfavorable conditions for vegetation. The phenotypic expression of productivity varied over the range 2.81…3.75 t/ha in 2008, 1.9…2.15 t/ha in 2009, 2.74…3.38 t/ha in 2010, 2.32…2.65 t/ha in 2011 and 2.5…2.85 t/ha in 2012. The productivity of variety sample 686 shook in the range 1.90…3.33 t/ha, 452 – 1.97…3.75 t/ha, 477 – 2.0…3.33 t/ha, 472 – 2.15…3.34 t/ha, indicating the differences between cultivars not only in the level of productivity, but also in the reaction to the conditions of the year. Soybean lines 686, 477, 472 and variety Harmony are characterized by high level of environmental plasticity and stability, the changes in their productivity corresponded to the agricultural background. Variety 452 has average values of these characteristics, high yield is formed at a high level of agrotechnique. Variety Lydia has the average plasticity index and low stability that indicates to the difficulties in predicting its yield.

English. The characteristics of in vitro propagation of promising pear clone stocks PG 2, PG 12, PG 17-16 bred at All-Russian Research Institute on Horticulture named after I.V. Michurin as an important part in the system of production of certified planting material have been examined. Culture in vitro and in vivo revealed high regenerative capacity of these rootstocks. The pear stock PG 12 is characterized by the highest morphogenetic potential. In two months of production in vitro the number of produced clones was 3.5…7.0 times higher in comparison with other genotypes. For the first time the possibility of use of the complex water-soluble substance (WS) was studied for clonal micropropagation together with conventional Murasige-Skoog and Quarine-Lepuavre medium. Its efficiency depends on plant genotype characteristics. This nutrient medium had no significant effect on the propagation coefficient of studied pear clonal stocks that varied in PG 2 from 5.5 up to 6.3 pieces per an explant and in PG 12 – from 8.4 to 10.2 pieces per an explant, but provided an increase in number of microshoots suitable for rooting by 22.5…44.2%. Cultivation on the medium containing complex water-soluble substance promoted acceleration of rhizogenesis induction by 1…2 weeks in all clone stocks. Especially, in PG 17-16 root formation occurred in 10 days already, and the portion of rooted microshoots was 93.3%, while on Quarine-Lepuavre medium the same results were noted only in 4 weeks. Usage of the complex water-soluble substance has a positive aftereffect on survival ability of pear regenerates ex vitro resulting in increase by 7.1 (PG 17-16)…33.3% (PG 12) in comparison with Quarine-Lepuavre medium. Usage of plants propagated by in vitro method increased productivity of pear clone stock mother plantation by 1.1…1.4 times.