Agroeconomic efficiency of corn cultivation on barley straw on the sod-podzolic sandy soil
2014
Seraya,T.M. | Bogatyreva,E.N. | Mezentseva,E.G. | Kirdun,T.M. | Biryukova,O.M. | Belyavskaya,Yu.A.
English. In course of the research there was studied the effect of making compensatory doses of nitrogen at plowing barley (Hordeum vulgare) straw and the ability to decrease the dose of phosphate and potash fertilizers for corn (Zea mays) grown on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil for straw plowed predecessor with the phosphorus and potassium. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. As a result of realized research there was revealed that on the sod-podzolic sandy soil the highest productivity of grain of corn of 108 c/ha was provided by N90+30P60K140 on the background of cattle manure in a dose of 60 t/ha and on the background of straw plowing with the liquid manure in a dose of 30 t/ha, thus profitability of straw plowing with liquid manure was 43% higher. The yield of crude protein made 966-978 kg/ha, starch -66 c/ha, fodder units-141,5-141,7 c/ha. The increase of productivity of corn grain from compensating dose of nitrogen in the form of a carbamide in variants with NPK was doubtful. In variants where straw was closed up without additional nitrogen, the profit was on the average 59 USD/ha higher in comparison with variant where its autumn application, without decrease grain productivity was provided. Decrease of phosphoric and potash fertilizers doses taking into account quantity of these elements released from barley straw plowed under corn, provided equal productivity, as well as full doses of NPK, at decrease expenses for fertilizers on 26USD/ha and increase profitability on 3-12%.
Show more [+] Less [-]Russian. В исследованиях на дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почве наиболее высокую урожайность зерна кукурузы 108 ц/га обеспечило внесение N90+30P60K140 на фоне подстилочного навоза КРС в дозе 60 т/га и на фоне запашки соломы с жидким навозом КРС в дозе 30 т/га, при этом рентабельность запашки соломы с внесением жидкого навоза была на 43% выше. Выход сырого белка составил 966–978 кг/га, крахмала – 66 ц/га, кормовых единиц – 141,5–141,7 ц/га. Прибавка урожайности зерна кукурузы от внесения компенсирующей дозы азота в виде карбамида в вариантах с NРК была недостоверной. В вариантах, где солома заделана без внесения дополнительного азота, прибыль в среднем была на 59 USD/га выше по сравнению с вариантом, где предусмотрено осеннее его внесение, без снижения урожайности зерна. Снижение доз фосфорных и калийных удобрений с учетом количества данных элементов, высвободившихся из запаханной под кукурузу соломы ячменя, обеспечило получение равновеликой урожайности, как и при полных дозах NРК, при снижении затрат на удобрения на 26 USD/га и увеличении рентабельности на 3–12%.
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