Carotenoid Contents of Head-Type Kimchi Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) Leaves
2018
Seong, G.U., Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.B., National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea | Chung, S.K., Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
The carotenoid compositions of head-type Kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the characteristics were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) in seasonal cultivars by portion. Lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and βcarotene were identified, and lutein, α-carotene, and β-carotene contents were relatively high among all seasonal cultivars. Total carotenoid contents were highest in the autumn cultivar (82.6∼460.2 μg/g dry weight (DW)) and decreased, in order, in the summer (12.7∼389.0 μg/g DW), winter (31.6∼339.0 μg/g DW), and spring (21.5∼141.2 μg/g DW) cultivars. The outer portion (141.2∼460.2 μg/g DW) had a higher total carotenoid content than the middle portion (25.4∼233.7 μg/g DW) and the inner portion (12.7∼82.6 μg/g DW) (P0.05). Total carotenoid contents had high positive correlations with β-carotene (0.94668) and lutein (0.94293). In the PCA, PC 1 and PC 2 comprised 67.57% and 16.64%, respectively, of the cumulative proportion (84.21%). The main factors in PC 1 were total carotenoid, lutein and β-carotene, while the main factor in PC 2 was β-cryptoxanthin. The carotenoid composition of head-type Kimchi cabbage exhibited different characteristics depending on the portion rather than the seasonal cultivar. The carotenoid contents of autumn cabbage were highest among seasonal cultivars and that of the outer portion was higher than that of the inner portion, which resulted in relatively high correlations of total carotenoid contents with β-carotene and lutein.
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