Мелиоративни ефекти противерозионих пошумљавања на подручју Грделичке клисуре и Врањске котлине / the effects of ameliorative afforestations in Grdelička Gorge and Vranjska Valley

Every day, the world's population with increasing need for food production and housing is growing and tending to expand territory in account of deforestation, which leads to the degradation of the environment in all aspects. Bare lands occur as a result of deforestation. Such habitats are highly erodable thanks to the lack of moisture, steep slopes, bedrock, unfavorable hydrographic network and land use as one of the main factors of degradation. Afforestation is a method of establishing forest vegetation on deforested land areas to provide long-term degradation protection and thereby achieve the multiple benefits that can be expressed by ameliorative effects of afforestation. Ameliorative effects of afforestation are presented by evaluation of the impact of afforestation on the process of pedogenesis through analyisis of the physical and chemical properties of soil. Enrichment of biodiversity is evaluated by analyzing the relationship of the floristic composition and certain environmental factors. Effect in erosion control is evaluated by estimation of soil less according to gacrilovic, in years 1967 and 2009. Carbon sequestration is valuated by estimation of sequestred carbon in terrestrial carbon pools of afforested areas. This research showed that the afforestation achieved ameliorative effects. They also have a favorable impact on the environment and significant efficiency in degradation control with the proviso that control of degradation that occurs as a result of deforestation, could be more efficient if apply the measures to increase the effectiveness of reforestation. global climate change influence the success of afforestation. Making the optimal choice of tree species for afforestation and afforestation methods are essential to the success of afforestation. Analyzing applied tree species and afforestation methods, the differences in the efficacy of combinations of tree species and methods of afforestation were observed with regard to soil loss and erosion control. It was found that applied species and afforestation methods have showndifferent effectiveness in various combinations of orographic and edaphic site conditions. According to that, orographic and edaphic parameters that show the gretest impact were detaached, and need to be previously surveyed for optimal selection of tree species for afforestation and afforestation methods. Accordingly, this research is a contribution to finding the key parameters for the optimal choice of species for afforestation and afforestation methods on degraded habitats in conditions of global warming.