Micro-morphological features of achene of wild annual sunflowers
2016
Lazarević, Jelena M. (Faculty of Sciences, Novi Sad (Serbia). Department of Biology and Ecology) | Luković, Jadranka Ž. (Faculty of Sciences, Novi Sad (Serbia). Department of Biology and Ecology) | Terzić, Sreten Z. (Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia)) | Jocković, Milan Đ. (Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia)) | Zorić, Lana N. (Faculty of Sciences, Novi Sad (Serbia). Department of Biology and Ecology) | Karanović, Dunja S. (Faculty of Sciences, Novi Sad (Serbia). Department of Biology and Ecology) | Jocić, Siniša B. (Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia)) | Miladinović, Dragana M. (Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia))
The aim of this research is to characterize wild annual sunflowers on the basis of achene micro-morphology. Plant material was grown up on an experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad during 2015. Achene samples were hand-collected at the time of physiological maturity. Morphological measurements of achenes were performed using stereoscopic microscope Leica MZ16 with Leica DFC 320 Camera. The micro-morphological diversity of achenes was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Obtained results indicated the presence of some quantitative and qualitative differ- ences in achene characteristics among analyzed species, such as in their size, color, carpo- podium and stylopodium shape, and distribution of trichomes on the achene surface. The carpopodium of examined species was asymmetrical at the maturity. Differences in the cuticle and wax ornamentation in different parts of the achenes, on the anticlinal walls of epidermal cells, were identified. The SEM analysis revealed the presence of non-glandular, multicellular bi-seriate trichomes (twin hairs) on the achene surface. This trichome type consisted of two elongated, parallel cells of different length. Considering the distribution of trichomes among the apical, median and basal regions of the fruit, most of the species dem- onstrated greater trichome density in the apical part.
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