Multifunctional wood-based carbon materials for supercapacitor electrodes | Multifunkcionālie oglekļa materiāli uz koksnes bāzes superkondensatora elektrodiem

English. The application of activated carbon (AC) and its various modifications is of significant scientific and practical importance since use of these materials in various technological areas constantly grows – they can be applied in rare earth metals membrane separation, metallurgy, electronics, aero- and space technologies, as well as nuclear energy development. Nanoporous carbon materials are one of the most prospective nanomaterials which can be applied for various strategic solutions in field of electronics and energetics. One of the important devices for these solutions is an electric double layer capacitor or supercapacitor. This work gives insight of the principal possibility for obtaining of nanoporous activated carbons from hardwood, and charcoal using thermochemical activation with NaOH. Pretreatment and activation conditions were evaluated and optimized, their influence on activated carbon porous structure, properties and possibility to use in supercapacitors was elucidated. The optimal properties of wood thermochemical activation for activated carbons porous structure formation and adsorption properties, providing necessary electric double layer formation in supercapacitor electrodes. The correlation between activated carbon synthesis parameters, porous structure and properties of supercapacitors with organic electrolytes was determined. The obtained results were compared with those for number of the best commercially available carbons and it was found, that in all cases AC synthesized at the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry have the better properties for the application as electrodes in supercapacitors.

Latvian. Nanoporainie oglekļa materiāli ieņem vienu no vadošajām vietām perspektīvo nanomateriālu vidū, starp tiem dažādās stratēģiskās elektronikas un enerģētikas nozarēs. Pētījumā izstrādāti oriģinālas tehnoloģijas pamati augsti nanoporaino aktivēto ogļu iegūšanai termoķīmiskās aktivācijas ceļā no lapu koksnes izmantošanai sorbcijai un superkondensatoru elektrodiem. Noteiktas likumsakarības starp aktivētā oglekļa iegūšanas apstākļiem, porainas struktūras parametriem un superkondensatora raksturlielumiem.