Développement d'un sondage sur l'impact socio-économique de la pêche artisanale en Méditerranée et en mer Noire : Étude de cas Tunisie (Monastir)

Small-scale fisheries play a significant role in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea fisheries. In Tunisia, this activity is still associated with coastal fishing and currently no information is available on this activity in terms of effort, catch, income, etc. In order to ensure the sustainable development of this sub-sector, it is necessary to have clear and precise information on this activity. This study proposes a methodological framework for the development of a survey on the socio-economic impact of artisanal coastal fisheries in Tunisia and a pilot study was carried out in the Bay of Monastir to test the feasibility of this survey. The baseline data are collected from 31 field surveys of artisanal coastal boats authorized for fishing in 2016 and whose tonnage is less than 5 GRT, considered as the target population. The purpose of this survey is to assess the socio-economic situation of artisanal fishing in the Bay of Monastir and its interaction with other sectors. The sampling method adopted is random stratified with two levels of stratification that are the port or fishing sites and type of boat. The sampling rate achieved is 8.5 per cent of the total population with 8 per cent for the artisanal coastal motorized boats (ACMB) stratum and 4.7 per cent for the artisanal coastal no motorized boats (ACNMB) stratum. The analysis shows that artisanal coastal fishery is practiced on 445 motorized and no motorized boats. The ACMB constitute the basis of this activity in terms of number of boats, capacity, activity and employment as well as economic performance. At the level of this activity six fishing techniques were identified, the main one being the trammel net. The annual overall fishing effort is estimated at about 52,659 trips. Production is estimated at about 632 tones for 2016. The auction is the main selling circuit for landed products. The main target species of this fishery are the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris), the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), the annular sea bream (Diplodus annularis), the gilthead (Sparus aurata), etc. In addition, the results showed that despite the lack of modern equipment on board as well as their age, this fleet obtained positive economic results resulting in a net profit of 3 MTD ($ 1.2), representing 46 per cent of the income and a gross added value of about 4.8 MTD ($ 2 million), representing 75 per cent of the income, and 36 per cent of the value added is for crews as remuneration. The social results show that all the fishermen surveyed operate their boats and that fishing is their only source of income. The whole community is composed of men, woman does not contribute in any gauge of this activity. This community is aged with an average age of about 51 years, the majority of whom have more than 20 years of experience. In addition, more than half of fishermen have a low level of schooling, a primary level. However, these sectors present many problems, the main ones are the conflicts with the other sectors. This activity is currently in competition for space and resource with other sectors such as coastal fishery, recreational fishery, trawl fisheries and aquaculture. Indeed, in order to assess the quality of the results obtained, some quality indicators were calculated, the main one being the coefficient of variation. The results show that more than half of the variables obtained are qualified as acceptable