Water Budget for Carp Culture Ponds in Odisha, India
2016
Adhikari, S. (ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar (India)) | Pani, K. C. (ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar (India)) | Jayasankar, P. (ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar (India))
Water budget was calculated for 11 numbers of fish ponds in Gop, Odisha, India. Water sources considered include regulated inflow, precipitation and run-off, whereas water losses include evaporation, seepage and effluent discharge (harvested water). Indian major carps were cultured for 330 days starting from mid July 2012 to mid June 2013. The rainfall was 200±5.0 cm while the run-off was 12±0.2 cm in these ponds. Average evaporation was 0.33 cm/d while average seepage was 0.11 cm/d in these ponds throughout the culture period. The loss from the evaporation and seepage was compensated through the regulated inflow of groundwater from wells. The total amount of well water needed in an average year to compensate the water loss through evaporation and seepage was calculated and for the 1.0 ha pond, 5800±200 m3 of water was applied by the well. At the time of harvest, the drainage was 116±4.0 cm which was equivalent to 11600±400 m3 of harvested water. The production of these ponds was 6120±320 kg/ha. Consumptive water use in aquaculture consists of water removed at harvest, and water lost in seepage and evaporation. Accordingly, the consumptive water use was 2.38±0.04 m3/kg fish in these ponds. The total water used for the fish production was 4.41±0.18 m3/kg fish in these embankment ponds. Keywords: water budget; aquaculture ponds.
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