Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma in south-eastern slovenia and its vektor american grapevine leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus ball)
2015
Rodič, Karmen (Agriculture and Forestry Chamber of Slovenia, Novo mesto (Slovenia). Agricultural and Forestry Institute Novo mesto, Plant protection service) | Cizej, Magda Rak (Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, Žalec (Slovenia)) | Orešek, Erika (Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Ljubljana (Slovenia). Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection) | Bajec, Domen (Agriculture and Forestry Chamber of Slovenia, Novo mesto (Slovenia). Agricultural and Forestry Institute Novo mesto, Plant protection service) | Peterlin, Andreja (Agriculture and Forestry Chamber of Slovenia, Novo mesto (Slovenia). Agricultural and Forestry Institute Novo mesto, Plant protection service)
Grapevine flavescence dorée (GFD) is a quarantine grapevine disease caused by phytoplasma. Due to its great impact on the quality and quantity of the crop, GFD is listed in the Annex II.A.II of the Council Directive 2000/29/EC. It is an epidemic disease characterized by its rapid spread within vineyards due to vine-to-vine transmission by the vector american grapevine leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus Ball). Infected grapevines can die within a few years. Beside GFD, in Slovenian vineyards also Bois noir phytoplasma (BN) is present. In south-eastern Slovenia, S. titanus was first recorded in 2005. Since then, it has spread quickly throughout the whole wine-growing region Posavje and is now present in the entire territory of Slovenia. The first finding of GFD in south-eastern Slovenia was confirmed in 2008 (Piroški vrh near Brežice). In 2010, the first outbreak of the disease was discovered in Dolenjska region in the vicinity of Straža near Novo mesto. Removal of infected vines and treatment of S. titanus are the most important phytosanitary measures for prevention of spread of GFD. In accordance with the Rules on the prevention of spread and eradication of Grapevine flavescence dorée and the Official action plan, treatment of the vector is obligatory in all vineyards in the demarcated areas and in all nurseries and mother plantations. Monitoring of S. titanus in the winegrowing region Posavje which is carried out by the plant protection service is crucial for determination of the optimal term of treatment. During the years 2012 - 2014, larvae hatching, their moulting periods and occurrence of adults were monitored as well as the beginning and the top of occurrence of adults by yellow sticky traps. Duration of the length of different developmental stages was investigated also in controlled conditions.
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