Betaine content in cereals and pseudocereals
2016
Kojić, Jovana | Ilić, Nebojša | Krulj, Jelena | Mandić, Anamarija | Filipčev, Bojana | Brlek, Tea | Bodroža-Solarov, Marija
There is a growing interest in determining the contribution of bioactive components from cereals and pseudocereals to health benefits. Betaine is an important metabolite that positively affects many physiological processes in the human body as an osmolyte and methyl donor (transmethylation). Cereals and pseudocereals significantly contribute to dietary intake of betaine. Among them wheat is the main dietary source, since the other sources such as spinach, beets and shellfish are consumed in lower quantities in the human nutrition. Betaine levels were measured by using a HPLC system (Agilent Technologies Inc., USA) equipped with a Kinetex®HILIC (Phenomenex, Germany) column (2.6µm, 100 x 2.1 mm) and ELSD detector. Significantly higher amount of betaine was obtained in spelt wheat grain (100.27± 2.99 mg/100g) and spelt wholegrain (136.9± 10.3 mg/100g) in comparison to common wheat. In the analyzed samples of rice and corn, betaine was not detected. Lower betaine content was obtained in pseudocereals such as millet (28.13 ± 0.57 mg/100g) and buckwheat (10.8 ± 1.33 mg/100g) compared to cereals. Among the examined pseudocereals, amaranth was found to be the most abundant source of betaine (106.04±23.3 mg/100g).
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