Biochemical Characterization of 20¥á-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
2018
Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Republic of Korea | Min, K.S., Hankyong National University, Ansung, Republic of Korea
In this review, we have tried to summarize the evidence and molecular characterization indicating that 20¥á-hydro- xysteroid dehydrogenase (20¥á-HSD) is a group of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family, and it plays roles in the mod- ulation and regulation of steroid hormones. This enzyme plays a critical role in the regulation of luteal function in female mammals. We have studied the molecular expression and regulation of 20¥á-HSD in cows, pigs, deer, and monkeys. The specific antibody against bovine 20¥á-HSD was generated in a rabbit immunized with the purified re- combinant protein. The mRNA expression levels increased gradually throughout the estrous cycle, the highest being in the corpus luteum (CL) 1 stage. The mRNA was also specifically detected in the placental and ovarian tissues during pregnancy. The 20¥á-HSD protein was intensively localized in the large luteal cells and placental cytotrophoblast villus, glandular epithelial cells of the endometrium, syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta, the isthmus cells of the ovi- duct, and the basal part of the primary chorionic villi and chorionic stem villus of the placenta and large luteal cells of the CL in many mammalian species. Further studies are needed to determine the functional significance of the 20¥á- HSD molecule during ovulation, pregnancy, and parturition. This article will review how fundamental information of these enzymes can be exploited for a better understanding of the reproductive organs during ovulation and pregnancy.
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