Techniques de�mobilisation des�ressources en�eau et�pratiques d?utilisation en�zones arides : bilans, �volutions et�perspectives
2009
roger calvez | alain gioda | patrick le goulven | guillaume lacombe | julien burte
As most regions, arid zones benefited from waves of hydro agricultural structures during the second half of the XXth century. They were organized to slow down, stock and render certain sporadic and violent flows accessible to works along the rivers. This succession of superposed structures is far from being optimally valued as shown in different reports on the catchments in the centre of Tunisia and the north of Mexico. In both regions, the reservoirs favour mainly evaporation flows. On the basis of such observations, governments have tried to improve the technical management of the structures favouring water transfer towards groundwater storage. They also try to mobilize unconventional water resources with some success, but only in specific situations due to high costs (desalinization), difficulty of gaining acceptance (reusable waste water) or low volume (atmospheric water). All of these initiatives have failed to stop the overexploitation of phreatic water tables. Some initiatives are now progressively starting to reduce water demand and to increase food production at the same time. This new policy is financing the development of more efficient irrigation techniques (sprinkling, dripping, swelling polymers, vertical drainpipes, etc.) to replace the mostly gravitating irrigation. However, after a few years of use the impact of these new techniques appears less impressive than initially expected either due to inadequate use or to new patterns of behaviour they created. At present the authorities are testing complementary economical tools and regulations to make the technical changes more efficient
Show more [+] Less [-]Patrick Le Goulven et al., 'Techniques de�mobilisation des�ressources en�eau et�pratiques d?utilisation en�zones arides : bilans, �volutions et�perspectives', S�cheresse, vol. 20(1), pp.017-030, John Libbey Eurotext, 2009
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