Predictive model of food fortification with vitamin D for Serbia
2018
Milešević, Jelena (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-158X) | Nikolić, Marina | Gurinović, Mirjana | Mandić, Anamarija (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-7237) | Kravić, Snežana (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4056-2000) | Glibetić, Marija
In Serbian adult population vitamin D inadequacy is very high, 95% of the population is below EAR -10 µg/d. The intake of rich dietary sources of vitamin D being low and the supplements intake relatively rare, implementation of foodbased fortification as recommended by nutritional science should be one of the ways to deal with these issues. This study presents the development of the predictive model for food fortification with vitamin D specifically for Serbia. The core of the model is the mathematical formula adapted to calculate concentrations of vitamin D that should be added to different, chosen food vectors (based on different criteria - consumption, suitability for fortification, bioavailability of the vitamin in the matrix, stability etc.). The formula considers recommended dietary values, distribution of habitual intake of vitamin D in the population, amount and caloric contribution of chosen foods to the diet - as factors determining the levels of vitamin D to be added. Chosen food vectors were in groups: white bread, milk, yogurt, sour cream, cheese, eggs and tomato puree. Calculated values were added to 70 chosen foods in food composition database and vitamin D intake assessment was performed using Diet Assess and Plan software. Simulation of this model was performed on seven different scenarios of fortified vectors. Distribution of habitual intakes of vitamin D in the population toward reaching adequate intake (AI) (15 µg/d) and upper tolerable intake (UL) (100 µg/d) were plotted using SPADE statistical program for assessment of habitual intake. In an optimal scenario 65th percentil of population reached AI, while in maximal scenario 50% of population was between AI and UL. No one has reached UL. The predictive model has showed that wider choice of vectors with lower concentration of vitamin D can help broader span of consumers benefit from fortification strategy.
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