Pasta de higuerilla desintoxicada en dietas para pollos de engorda

Spanish; Castilian. Resumen La pasta de higuerilla (Ricinus communis L) contiene sustancias altamente tóxicas, por lo que se evaluó la efectividad de tres métodos de desintoxicación y su inclusión en dietas para pollos de engorda. Se evaluaron cinco tratamientos (dietas experimentales): dieta testigo a base de maíz y pasta de soya (PS), pasta de higuerilla sin desintoxicar (PH), pasta de higuerilla tratada con autoclave (PHA), pasta de higuerilla tratada con el método químico (PHQ) y pasta de higuerilla tratada con autoclave y método químico (PHAQ). Cada tratamiento se asignó al azar a siete unidades experimentales con 10 pollos cada una. Las variables evaluadas fueron: consumo de alimento (COA), conversión alimenticia (CA), ganancia de peso (GP) rendimiento en canal (RC), rendimiento de pechuga (RP), rendimiento de pierna con muslo (RPM), desarrollo del sistema digestivo, habilidad para caminar (HC), angulación valgus /varus (AVV) y latencia a postrarse (LP). Los pollos alimentados con PH y PHMQ tuvieron menor COA y GP (P<0.05), sin embargo, no hubo diferencias entre tratamientos para CA. Se encontraron diferencias entre tratamiento (P<0.05) para HC y AVV, mientras que en LP no hubo diferencias (P>0.05). Los resultados evidencian que el tratamiento con autoclave (1 atmosfera de presión durante 60 min a 121 °C) disminuyó la toxicidad en la pasta de higuerilla, ya que las aves del tratamiento PHMA tuvieron un comportamiento productivo similar (P>0.05) a las de la dieta testigo.

English. Abstract Castor (Ricinus communis L.) meal contain highly toxic substances. Three detoxification methods were evaluated for their effectiveness and their inclusion in diets for broilers. Five treatments (experimental diets) were evaluated: control diet based on corn and soybean meal (SM), non-detoxified castor meal (NDC), autoclaved castor meal (AC), chemically treated castor meal (ChC) and autoclave and chemical methods treated castor meal (AChC). Each treatment was randomly assigned to seven experimental units with 10 chickens each. The variables evaluated were: feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), weight gain (WG), carcass yield (CY), breast yield (BY), leg to thigh yield (LTY), digestive system development, walking ability (WA), valgus-varus angulation (VVA), and latency to lie down (LLD). Chickens fed NDC and ChC had lower FC and WG (P<0.05). However, there was no difference among treatments for CA. There were differences among treatment (P<0.05) for WA and VVA, but there were not for LLD (P>0.05). The results showed that autoclave treatment (1 atm, 121 oC for 60 min) decreased toxicity in castor meal, since birds in the AC treatment had a similar productive behavior (P>0.05) to those in the control diet.