Fatty oil accumulation in vegetable soybean seeds and its thin-layer chromatography

This paper studies the accumulation of crude oil (triacylglycerides,monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, tocopherols, pigments,sterols, waxes) in soybean vegetable samples. Samples were taken from two groups: grown in anexperimental field and in protected ground of the Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growingin the Moscow Region. Both groups were observed in the phase of technical ripeness and in thephase of complete biological ripeness (finally ripe seeds). Soxhlet method as arbitration inanalysis was used as suitable for the extraction of lipophilic substances. It was determined thatthe fat content in the technical ripeness phase in most soybean samples averaged 10.5%. In thephase of biological ripeness, the highest accumulation of fatty oil was observed in Hidaka andNordic (17.6%). The oil content in vegetable forms of soybeans was consistently lower than thatof grain varieties: in the phases of technical and biological ripeness by 55.6% and 22.0%(in relative values) respectively. Thus, he accumulation of oil in seeds is determined mainlygenetically. The refractive index of vegetable and oil soybean was established equal on average1.4755. According to this finding the soybean oil can be classified as semi-drying.Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to study the lipophilic components of soybean fattyoil. It was found experimentally that the best separation of the components is achieved using aneluent system: carbon tetrachloride: chloroform in a 2: 3 ratio. It was found that the main fatsoluble compounds are the following (in order of increasing Rf in the chromatogram):phospholipids, monoacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, tocopherols, fatty acid esters. As a findingof the research vegetable soybean cultivated at 55 °N in both technical and biological ripenessphases significantly accumulate crude oil in the seeds. This crude oil contained ω-6, ω-3,phospholipids, and vitamin E.