Analysis of negative consequences in development of mobile energy from the point of view of agrotechnological restrictions
2021
Levshin, A., Russian State Agrarian Univ. − Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (Russian Federation) | Gasparyan, I., Russian State Agrarian Univ. − Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (Russian Federation) | Golubev, I., Rosinformagrotech, Pravdinsky, Pushkinsky Distr., Moscow Oblast (Russian Federation). Research Centre Agroinnovation | Panin, A., Russian State Agrarian Univ. − Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (Russian Federation)
Intensive use of energy-rich units and self-propelled machines has led to over consolidation of the uncultivated layer of more than 60% of arable land. At the same time, in order to realize the energy potential, they are forced to use an additional increase in mass, which increases the compaction of the soil. Critical stresses, at which the processes of soil relaxation do not occur, reach a significant depth and, as a result, a soil horizon from 25–30 to 100–120 cm is formed in the untreated layer with a hardness corresponding to a clay rolled road. The modern theory and practice of using wheeled and tracked vehicles has formed a system of restrictions to reduce the negative impact on the ecological environment: by specific pressure, taking into account soil moisture and the season of use; by the amount of skidding of running systems; according to the range of operating speeds; across the width of the wheels, tramline and agrotechnical cross-country ability. With a lack of moisture and a decrease in the freezing depth due to climate warming, the natural process of decompaction does not allow restoring the soil structure. The increased hardness makes it difficult for the roots of cultivated plants to penetrate, limits their development zone, which excludes the biological processes of restoring the structure of the soil. Technologies for mechanized soil decompaction processes are highly energy intensive. The energy intensity of chisel tillage to a depth of 40...45 cm requires 1.2–1.5 times more energy than ploughing to a depth of 25…30 cm. Technologies and machines for processing to a great depth are practically absent on the market. In this regard, the task of a detailed analysis of these processes and the substantiation of the parameters and operating modes of mobile machine-tractor units, taking into account agrotechnological restrictions, becomes urgent.
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