Providing processes of preparation and distribution of feed for cattle on animal husbandry farms
2020
Khmelovskyi, V., National Univ. of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev (Ukraine) | Otchenashko, V., National Univ. of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev (Ukraine) | Voloshyn, S., National Univ. of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev (Ukraine) | Pinchevska, O., National Univ. of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev (Ukraine)
World experience shows that family farms are the basis for the agricultural sector of countries with advanced market economies. The analysis of the components of the livestock ration provided an opportunity to identify the amount of feed mixture, which needs to be distributed to animals per day, depending on the livestock. Researches have shown that for preparation and distribution of feed on farms with livestock up to 10 cattle, it is advisable to use inefficient machinery with energy drive and partial execution of manual operations, 11–35 – self-feeders, mechanized lines using stationary machinery with energy drive and forklifts. For 36–50 cattle of livestock and at an average animal productivity of at least 6500 kg of milk per year, processes of preparation and distribution of feed can provide self-feeding and mobile combined feed making machines. Preparation and distribution of feed mixes for 51–400 heads of cattle – provide mobile combined feed making machines with delivery of the mixture on the feed tables. For livestock with more than 400 heads of cattle, it is advisable to use stationary robotic feed making facilities and distributors of feed mixtures or a mobile combined feed making machine. In the feed mixture preparation process, it was found that the multifunctional feed making machines with a vertically positioned conical auger in the hopper have a high power consumption of more than 35 kW. Power consumption, driven by the working bodies, is almost directly proportional to the speed of an auger. With increasing rotation frequency of an auger, the efficiency of grinding and mixing does not increase significantly; we have substantiated the rotation frequency of an auger 16–20 minE–1, with grinding rolls and packs and in the mode of mixing and dispensing 24–25 minE–1. However, in the process of dispensing the feed mixture, the existing auger does not clean itself from the feed.
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