New opportunities for integration in integrated pest management research
1999
Heong, K. L.
IPM is often defmed as the integration of control tactics to manage pests based on predicted economic, ecological and sociological consequences. These conceptual frameworks have entrapped many research and implementation thinking and activities within strict disciplines. Interdisciplinary research is viewed only as integration of different biological disciplines, such as entomology, plant pathology, nematology and weed science. Recently, social scientists have been involved in IPM research evaluating the economics of IPM and documenting farmer practices. While scientists continue to explore ways to integrate tactics, farmers' pest management decisions had remained relatively unchanged for decades. This paper emphasizes the need for paradigm shifts in IPM research to explore for broader perspectives and opportunities in integration across disciplines. Sciences relating to IPM may be broadly grouped into two areas, namely ecological and sociological sciences. By integrating within and across these two broad areas of science, new research opportunities may be identified to address on-farm problems adding value to the respective disciplines.
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