TO THE QUESTION OF THE BREEDING METHODS OF VETCH IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE
2020
Tyurin, Yu. S. | Stepanova, G.V.
A retrospective analysis of the breeding methods of vetch was carried out in order to optimize them. It is established that to solve the problem of combining a high-yield crop with a short growing season in one variety of vetch, it is possible to use local populations of vetch from the Northern regions of the non-Chernozem region and Siberia in hybridization. These populations have a short interphase period of germination-branching and a reduced demand for the amount of heat during the fruiting period. It is established that the components of crossing must have a high degree of manifestation of the selected characteristics and resistance to climatic conditions of cultivation. The selection process can be accelerated by reducing the volume and time of studying low-value material. For this purpose, we perform a visual assessment and selection of seeds of parent plants based on the color and intensity of cotyledon fluorescence. Testing and formation of breeding material of the first generation is recommended to be carried out in a single – species crop, and the second generation- in crops with oats. A method of coordinated plant-microbial (variety-microbial) breeding of vetches has been developed. The method includes pre-sowing inoculation of seeds of the initial vetch sample with active strains of nodule bacteria, its cultivation before the seed maturation phase, selection of highly productive plants, and testing of the offspring of selected plants. Moreover, the seeds of the tested plants are inoculated with the same strain that provided the maximum yield (efficiency of symbiosis) of the initial sample of the vetch.
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