Continuity of traditions and innovation in modern landscape design in China

Latvian. Rakstā analizētas tradicionālās ķīniešu ainavu dizaina iezīmes un tā ietekme uz mūsdienu ķīniešu parku ainavu dizainu. Raksta mērķis ietver salīdzināšanu starp Ķīnas vēsturiskajiem dārziem un mūsdienu parkiem, lai noteiktu inovāciju nepārtrauktību un vienlaikus dominējošās iezīmes. Pētījumā aprakstīti galvenie vēsturiskie ainavu paņēmieni par ezera un mākslīgo kalnu klātbūtni kā nemirstības simboliem. Mūsdienu parki Ķīnā joprojām pārmanto vēsturiskos paņēmienus: tiem ir rezervuāri, daudz apstādījumu, paviljoni. Savukārt, mūsdienās, ja paveras skats no tāliem skatu punktiem, konstatēts, ka parkus ieskauj debesskrāpju siena. Parkos parādījušās daudz izklaidējošas atrakcijas, vakara stundās tiek izmantots spilgts apgaismojums dažādās zonās. Neskatoties uz parku pievilcīgumu un mūsdienīgumu, ķīniešu dārza atmosfēra ir mainījusies no slēgta, personīga uz publisku raksturu, kā to var konstatēt mūsdienu parku piemēros Siaņā (Xi'an) un Honkongā (Hong Kong).

English. The article analyses the features of traditional Chinese landscape design and its impact on the landscape design of modern Chinese parks. The purpose of the article is to compare the historical gardens and modern parks of China in order to determine the continuity and at the same time the features of innovation. The main difference between historical gardens and modern parks is emphasized: historical gardens were aimed at creating a calm, serene atmosphere of contemplation of nature; modern parks often combine traditional landscape techniques and the function of entertainment. The main historical landscape techniques provided for the presence of a lake and artificial mountains as symbols of immortality, a constant change of views, contemplation of the landscape through the opening as a picture in a frame, the inclusion of a small garden in the large, partitioning the space with “green screensˮ. Modern parks in China still inherit these techniques in general: they have reservoirs, a lot of greenery, park pavilions, but there are already views from distant points, the parks are surrounded by a wall of skyscrapers, entertaining attractions have appeared in them, and in the evenings they are illuminated with bright illumination. Despite their attractiveness and modernity, the atmosphere of the Chinese garden has changed from a secluded personal to a public character, as can be seen in the examples of modern parks in Xi'an and Hong Kong.