Efficiency of mechanized comb technology of soil treatment preparation for sowing sugar beets
2022
Tesliuk, Viktor | Baranovsky, Viktor | Lukach, Vasyl | Ikalchyk, Mykola | Kushnirenko, Anatoly | Kulyk, Vasyl
Mechanized technology of spring tillage, which is used in farms of Ukraine for sowing sugar beets on moist and heavy soils, provides multiple passes of pre-sowing machines due to significant winter soil moisture, leading to significant compaction of its surface layers. This reduces the yield of root crops, increases the economic costs of their production and the emergence of environmental negative consequences. The aim of the work is to increase the yield and reduce the economic costs of the process of sowing sugar beets by developing advanced technology of pre-sowing soil preparation with the division of operations on autumn ridge formation and spring pruning of their tops followed by sowing seeds in the formed ridges. The results of the experimental research of the offered technology of preparation of soil are shown and indicators of efficiency of its application in comparison with control are defined. It is established that minimization of spring pre-sowing tillage allows sowing seeds at an earlier date with sufficient uniformity of seed sowing depth in the ridge (square depth of deviation – up to 2.3%), which leads to increased growing season and increasing vegetative productivity of plants or root yield. The maximum final yield of root crops in areas sown by the advanced technology was 4.909 tons per hectare, which is approximately 16% more than the yield (4.241 tons/hectare) of the control area. The obtained results confirm the positive efficiency of the proposed technology of pre-sowing tillage for sowing beets on soils heavy in mechanical composition.
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