Market Imperfections Exacerbate the Gender Gap : The Case of Malawi

Palacios-Lopez, Amparo; López, Ramón

Market Imperfections Exacerbate the Gender Gap : The Case of Malawi

2015

Palacios-Lopez, Amparo | López, Ramón

This paper hypothesizes that labor and credit market imperfections—by discouraging off-farm income-generating activities and restricting access to inputs, respectively—affect female farm productivity more deeply than male productivity. The paper develops a theoretical model that decomposes the contribution of various market imperfections to the gender productivity gap. The paper shows empirically that agricultural labor productivity is on average 44 percent lower on plots managed by female heads of household than on those managed by male heads. Thirty-four percent of this gap is explained by differences in labor market access and 29 percent by differences in credit access.

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AGROVOC Keywords

access to markets allocation budget capital child care consumption design development economics discrimination economic development economics effects efficiency elasticity employment equality females gender gender analysis gender equality household income households human resources immigration income information investment labor labour labour productivity land living standards management markets organizations participation participation of women policies prices production productivity profit resources risk role of women rural employment rural poverty service services standards state supply transaction costs unemployment united nations wage rate wages women women farmers working capital

Bibliographic information

Publisher

World Bank, Washington, DC

Other Subjects

Market failures; Factors of production; Gender gap; Opportunities for women; Gender disparity; Productivity decomposition; Male counterpart; Women in agriculture; Inequality; Value; Household work; Rights; Adult male; Wage discrimination; Labor market outcomes; Political economy; Female heads; Labor market; Productivity effects; Female headed households; Gender dimensions; Theory; Labor productivity; Outcomes; Labor supply; Productivity regression; Male headed households; Borrowing; Gender differences; Efficiency wages; Gender discrimination; Wage inequality; Gender sensitivity; Productivity effect; Project; Wage differentials; Gender inequalities; Labor economics; Human resources development; Economic efficiency; Marginal productivity; Labor market discrimination; Gender specific; Utility; Productivity regressions; Productivity gap; Wage gap; Productivity growth; Rural labor markets; Labor allocation decisions; Wage employment; Description; Production function; Household; Community; Market; Transfers; Female; Human resource; Security; Household survey; Labor allocation; Married women; Family labor; Labor markets; Productivity distribution; Household composition; Female labor; Rural labor; Interventions; Cost; Household characteristics; Present value; Prevailing market wage; Market wage

License

CC BY 3.0 IGO. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. World Bank

Type

Working Paper; Text; Working Paper

Source

Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7300

In AGRIS since: 2022-09-15

Format: AGRIS AP

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Links

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24611445/market-imperfections-exacerbate-gender-gap-case-malawi http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22175

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Market Imperfections Exacerbate the Gender Gap : The Case of Malawi

2015

AGROVOC Keywords

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