Stimulation and production of some active compounds in the Chia plant with melatonin in vitro

English. Received: August 1st, 2022 ; Accepted: October 17th, 2022 ; Published: October 24th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected]

English. A laboratory experiment was carried out in the tissue culture laboratories of the Collegeof Agriculture \ University of Anbar \ Iraq from 1/2/ 2021 till 1/7/2021, to multiply and producesome active compounds in Chia in vitro. Nutrition medium (MS) (Murashige and Skoog) wasused to propagate chia plants. The culture medium was enriched with benzyl adenine regulator atMS concentrations, 1, 2, and 3 mg L-1with five replicates for each one, respectively, in order inthe multiplication phase, to know its effect on some morphological characteristics of Chia plantssuch as branch length, nodes and leaflets number. Also, brassinolide was laid out of 0, 1 and2 mg L-1, while NAA added of 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg L-1with five replicates for each one respectively,were added to the culture media at the rooting stage, in order to test its effectiveness in improvingthe formation of rootlets of Chia plants. In another experiment, the culture medium was enrichedwith different concentrations of the melatonin PGR 0, 1, 2, and 3 mg L-1, with five replicates foreach one, respectively, in order to study the effect of melatonin in the production of activecompounds. The results showed that enrichment of the culture medium with benzyl adenine at aconcentration of 1 mg L-1 increased the length, branches number and nodules number in plantlets(9.46 cm branch-1, 5.45 branch plantlet-1, and 9.57 nodes shoot-1). The combined effect ofBrassinolide 1 mg L-1 and 3 mg L-1 NAA improved both number of rootlets and their length. of10.5 rootlets plantlet-1 and 5.7 cm, respectively. Also, the addition of melatonin to the culturemedium significantly diversifying active compounds in term of quantity and qualitycharacteristics. The concentration of 1 mg L-1 of melatonin gave the highest number of activecompounds (25 compounds), however the etheric compounds and fatty acid derivatives were thehighest. The percentage of etheric compounds was 80.0% by adding 3 mg L-1 of melatonin, andthe percentage of fatty acid derivatives reached 16.36% of the total area ratio by adding 1 mg L-1.