Useful mutations induced in durum wheat by gametophyte and seed treatments
1982
Filev, K.A. (Bylgarska Akademiya na Naukite, Sofia. Inst. po Genetika) | Donini, B. (Joint FAO/IAEA Div. of Isotope and Radiation Applications of Atomic Energy for Food and Agricultural Development, Vienna (Austria))
The durum wheat breeding programme aims at improving the local cold tolerant varieties for lodging resistance, higher yield and good grain quality. The Bulgarian durum wheat cv. 233 has been submitted to mutagenic treatment of gametophytes (1,2,3,4 krad, 60Co gamma-rays), seed (10 krad, 60Co gamma-rays; 1 krad, fast neutrons; EMS, 1,5% for 20 hrs at 20 deg. and both gametophytes and seeds (2 krad + 10 krad, gamma-rays); 2 krad gamma-rays + 1 krad, fast neutron; 2 krad -gamma rays + EMS, 1.5%). 2264 M1 plants were harvested and it each plant the spike of the main culm was kept separate from those produced on the later tillers. A higher frequency M1 plant progenies segregating for morphological and semi-dwarf mutations was observed after gametophyte and combined gametophyte and seed irradiation as compared to only seed treatment. Furthermore, after gametophyte irradiation, out of the 131 M1 segregating progenies, 122 were homogenously heterozygous for the induced mutations (non-chimeric) and all the spikes of a plant were carrying the same mutation. Only a very small number were semi-dwarf mutations and they were obtained only after gametophyte irradiation. The induced semi-dwarf mutants are under evaluation for lodging resistance, yield and protein content. They will be used also in the cross-breeding programme
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