Potential for livestock in smallholder farming systems in Southeast Sulawesi [Indonesia]

All current available objective data on livestock population trend diseases, feed sources, and market prices in Southeast Sulawesi are presented as well as livestock populations in 19 transmigration area settlements. Data presented include populations of cattle, buffaloes, horses, goats, sheeps, pigs, poultry, and geese for the province and for each "kabupatan" for selected years from 1961-80. Results indicate that cattle populations are up steeply, increasing from 1,099 head in 1961 to 41,435 in 19204880; buffalo numbers are about the same in 1980 as in 1961 (8,344 vs. 9,905) but have been decreasing steadily over recent years. Goat populations are 23% higher in 1980 than in 1961 (37,441 vs. 30,795), poultry have increased from 129,000 in 1967 to 656,946 in 1980, and duck numbers have grown from 32,313 in 1975 to 54,618 in 1980 on a per capita basis there is a clear trend of increased ownership of cattle and decreased ownership of buffaloes and horses. Poultry ownership per capita has fluctuated between .017 to .018 from 1977-80 while that of goats has decreased slightly from 0.5 to 0.4 over the same period. Cattle ownership in the surveyed transmigration areas has increased greatly from a high of 2,333% in 6 years in Unaaha (12 to 280 head of cattle), to a low of 1645 over 4 years in Lapoa (222 to 365 head) Anthrax septichaemia episootica, Trypnosoma evansii, anaplasmosis, new castle disease, botulism, and conjunctivities were all reported as occurring in Southeast Sulawesi in recent years, but, with the exception of new castle disease, there were no major outbreaks. The feed supply for all classes of livestock is plentiful; there are large grazing areas of "alang-alang" (Imperata cylindrica), naturally occurring legumes (Calopagonium, phaseolus, leucaena), planted species (elephant) grass, brachiaria, stylo centrosema), and crops and crop by-products (whole cottonseed, corn and corn stover, pea and gourd vines, coconut meal, rice bran and straw, banana stems, "tempe" waste, cassava and sa