Content and transfer of heavy metal air pollutants in populations of Formica spp. wood ants (Hym., Formicidae)
1987
Stary, P. | Kubiznakova, J.
Heavy metal air pollutants (abbreviated as HMAP), i.e. Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, were studied in Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. pratensis and F. lugubris at polluted and unpolluted forest localities in Czechoslovakia. Obvious differences in the HMAP contents of the material on the hill surface, workers, sexual progeny, and their pupae were considered. Considerable seasonal changes (increase) in the HMAP content of the workers occur during the season. Comparative analysis of workers going to and from the attended aphid colonies as well as that of the aphids and their host trees has indicated honeydew as the principal source of HMAP contamination (of the workers), whereas th1335e protein food utilized for breeding (both workers and sexual progeny) manifested much lower HMAP values. The HMAP sources in the wood ant colonies, the changes in the HMAP content of the workers, progeny differences, HMAP transfer in the nest, contamination of the food webs through the wood ants, resistance, bioindication and sampling standardization are discussed. HMAP transfer through honeydew (determined through the ants) is emphasized as indicating allied ecotoxicological (HMAP) problems in honey-bees (apicult
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