Growth and yield of spring rape and spring barley as affected by chronic ozone stress
1991
Adaros, G. (Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Landwirtschaft, Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Produktions- und Oekotoxikologie) | Weigel, H.J. | Jaeger, H.-J.
Potted plants of spring sown barley (Hordeum vulgare L., 'Arena') and rape (Brassica napus L., 'Callypso') were grown in open-top chambers during three consecutive growing seasons and exposed from an early vegetative stage to maturity to different levels of ozone (O3) to study its impact on growth and yield. Treatments consisted of charcoal-filtered air (CF, control) and CF supplemented with O3 for 8 h per day (8.00-16.00 hours). Including the control, mean treatment concentrations (mug center dot m(-3), 24-h daily mean/8-h daily mean) were 9/16, 18/43, 32/86, 42/116 and 60/164 (1987, 5 treatments), 6/9, 18/48 and 33/99 (1988, 3 treatments) and 10/10, 24/60, 44/121, 66/184 and 78/221 (1989, 5 treatments). Results are related to the 24-h daily mean O3 concentrations. At final harvest, growth and yield analyses were carried out including above-ground biomass. In 1987, growth and yield of all barley plants was poor in comparison to the following growing seasons. Probably due to this retardation, grain weight and the number of heads/plant were significantly impaired already at the lowest O3 concentrations applied (18 mug center dot m(-3)), while higher O3 treatments also reduced straw dry weight and the 1000-grain weight. With the exception of the 1000-grain weight, which was reduced by about 13 % at the highest O3 level in 1989, growth and yield parameters of barley were not significantly reduced by any of the O3 concentrations applied in the following growing seasons. However, in 1988 and 1989 there was a tendency of a yield decline at O3 concentrations higher than 33 mug center dot m(-3). Response of rape to O3 was more consistent over all growing seasons and was characterized by a progressively negative reaction with increasing O3 concentrations
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