Insecticide resistance: new developments and future options for fly and lice control on sheep [Lucilia cuprina; Bovicola ovis]
1993
Levot, G.W. (New South Wales Agriculture, Rydalmere (Australia). Biological and Chemical Research Inst.)
It is more likely that insecticides currently available to woolgrowers will be lost at a faster rate than the registration of newer replacements. Concerns of pesticide residues in wool have put a cloud over organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. The situation may arise where cyromazine could become the only chemical available for sheep blowfly control, and there could be no remedial treatments for lice infestation, on long-wooled sheep. Clearly, new products are required to alleviate the problem of residues, but also to assist in the management of insecticide resistance, particularly to synthetic pyrethroids in sheep body lice. Benzolphenyl ureas like diflubenzuron (Fleececare), avermectin, blowfly attractant fungal extracts and Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) products offer the most promise. B.t. products are particularly attractive in terms of efficacy, safety and residues. A change of attitude toward lousicides particularly is required, however, to facilitate new product development. New technologies will offer enormous benefits in user safety and leave no harmful residues, but although reducing lice infestation below economically damaging levels, may not achieve eradication. Advice to registration authorities needs to put the positive and negative aspects of these new insecticides into a sensible perspective.
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