2. Relations between pests and parasites and predators in agricultural ecosystems with regard to interrelations between production site and margin biotopes as well as the influence of pesticides 2.4. Effects of pesticides on larvae and adults of Platynus dorsalis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and adults of Tachyporus hypnorum (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in laboratory and semi-field tests
1994
Foerster, P. (Giessen Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Phytopathologie und Angewandte Zoologie) | Basedow, T. | Schmutterer, H.
Laboratory and semi-field tests were conducted from 1987-1990 to study the effects of pesticide application on the mortality of larval instars and adults of Platynus dorsalis (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and of adults of Tachyporus hypnorum (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) that are important predators of aphids in winter wheat fields. In the laboratory, the insecticides E 605 (parathion-ethyl) and Dimethoate as well as the fungicide Afugan (pyrazophos) and the herbicide Herbogil (dinoterb) caused high mortality of the predators via treated soil surface and food. The insects were lethally affected even when the pesticides were applied at lower concentrations than recommended in the field. Metasystox R (oxydemeton-methyl) was harmful to larval instars and adults of P. dorsalis. The application of Decis (deltamethrin) on the soil resulted in high mortality of adults of T. hypnorum kept on treated soil but was less harmful to the carabid P. dorsalis. In semi-field tests detrimental effects of the pesticides mentioned above on larvae and adults of P. dorsalis as well as on adults of T. hypnorum were recorded but their extent was strongly dependent on climatic conditions. The mortality of the test insects was, as a rule, much higher under wet than under dry conditions. In the laboratory, larval instars of P. dorsalis were very susceptible to pesticides whereas the adults of the staphylinid T. hypnorum proved to be the least susceptible. The reverse was found in semi-field trials. Nineteen other pesticides showed no effect on adults of P. dorsalis when applied on the surface of the soil. In the laboratory, the effect of pesticide-contaminated soil on the fecundity and egg-fertility of P. dorsalis was also tested
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