The changes in structure of rice straw treated with urea ammoniation observed by scanning electron microscopy

English. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the changes in structure of rice straw (leaf blade = LB, leaf sheath = LS and internode = I) treated with urea ammoniation in combination of 4 and 6 DM percent of urea levels, 3 weeks of duration time, and 40 percent of moisture content (4-3-40 and 6-3-40), and samples treated with 4-3-40 were incubated in the rumen of fistulated cattle (in sacco) for 12 hours. The specimens were prepared and observed by a scanning electron microscope. The evaluation was conducted to see the changes in structure of epidermis, parenchyma, vascular bundles, sclerenchyma and others. For LB, with 4-3-40 treatment, the parenchyma cells began to be disintegrated. At 6 percent DM of urea level, the parenchyma cells were disintegrated and vascular bundles sheaths began to be degraded. Incubation in rumen, parenchyma cells were disintegrated, epidermis, vascular bundles, vascular bundles sheaths and sclerenchyma cells were degraded. For LS, the changes pattern in structure was similar to LB, the vascular bundles and sclerenchyma cells had been distorted since 4-3-40 treatment. For internodes with 4-3-40 treatment, epidermis, vascular bundles and sclerenchyma cells were collapsed and distorted, parenchyma cells were disintegrated. At 6 percent DM of urea level, the structures began to be integrated. The individual structures could not clearly been identified after incubating in the rumen, because of disintegration. Urea ammoniated treatment was able to change the structures of rice straw, and internodes had higher and clearer response. Incubation in the rumen affected the structures were difficult to be identified

Indonesian. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan struktur jaringan jerami padi (helai daun = D, pelepah daun = PD dan ruas = R) yang mendapat perlakuan amoniasi urea dengan kombinasi aras urea 4 dan 6 persen BK, lama peran 3 minggu dan kadar air 40 persen (4-3-40 dan 6-3-40) serta sampel perlakuan 4-3-40 diinkubasikan dalam carian rumen sapi berfistula in sacco selama 12 jam. Sediaan untuk pemeriksaan struktur jaringan disiapkan, kemudian diamati dengan mikroskop elektron skening. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan melihat perubahan struktur jaringan epidermis, parenkim, berkas pengangkut, sklerenkim dan jaringan lainnya. Pada D dengan perlakuan 4-3-40, parenkim mulai mengalami disintegrasi. Aras urea 6 persen BK, parenkim disintegrasi dan sarung berkas pengangkut mulai terdegradasi. Inkubasi dalam cairan rumen, parenkim disintegradasi, epidermis, berkas pengangkut, sarung berkas pengangkut dan sklerenkim terdegradasi. Pada PD, pola perubahan struktur jaringan hampir sama dengan D, berkas pengangkut dan sklerenkim sudah mulai mengalami distorsi pada perlakuan 4-3-40. Pada R dengan perlakuan 4-3-40, epidermis, berkas pengangkut dan sklerenkim mengalami kolaps dan distorsi, parenkim disintegrasi. Arus urea 6 persen BK, struktur jaringan mulai menyatu, inkubasi dalam cairan rumen, sukar diindentifikasi masing-masing jaringan karena mengalami disintegrasi. Perlakuan amoniasi urea dapat mengubah struktur jaringan jerami padi dan R memberikan respons lebih cepat dan jelas. Inkubasi dalam cairan rumen mengakibatkan jaringan sukar dibedakan